Transitional cell carcinoma originates in the very cells it is named for. Transitional epithelial cells are found in the lining of the ureter, the tube connecting the bladder to the kidneys. The ureter is responsible for transporting urine from the renal pelvis, or the middle of the kidneys, into the bladder. While transitional cell carcinoma originates along the ureter, high-grade cases allow it to spread (metastasize) into other organs and areas of the body. The prostate is the most commonly affected organ, as it is connected to the urinary system via ducts. Cancerous cells, however, may eventually spread to the breast, colon, or lungs.

While the disease’s cause is unknown, several risk factors may increase one’s likelihood of developing transitional cell carcinoma. These include obesity, smoking, exposure to job-site carcinogens, and consuming water with high arsenic levels. Symptoms may vary, and patients with early-stage or low-grade transitional cell carcinoma may show no initial symptoms. As the disease progresses, however, the following signs often appear:

• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Blood in urine
• New, persistent back pain
• Frequent or painful urination

Contact your physician immediately if you notice any of these symptoms, as early detection is your best chance to overcome a cancer diagnosis.